“I’m not making any New Year’s resolutions. They just go in one year and out the other.”
Jane Ace
New Year’s resolutions. Every year we make ‘em. Every year we break ‘em. At least that’s how it goes for most of us, with an estimated 80% of resolutions going unfulfilled.
Every January the diets begin, and the gyms fill up, only for our resolve to fade by month’s end. According to research by fitness app Strava, the day we are most likely to give up is January 19th, a date they have dubbed ‘quitter’s day’.
With such high failure rates, it makes you wonder why we even bother with this annual tradition.
But changing old habits can be extremely hard, and often requires multiple attempts before success is achieved. Thus, one could argue that a 20% success rate is very good.
Furthermore, one of the most daunting and difficult parts of personal change is getting started. And at the very least, the New Year resolution gives us an impetus to get in the game and on the path to change.
So, the question becomes, how can we put ourselves in the minority that succeeds in seeing their resolutions through?
The obvious starting point is to set achievable and realistic goals that are within your control. It can also be helpful to break these goals into bite-sized milestones and track your incremental progress along the way.
It is also worth considering the types of battles you pick to fight. Evidence would suggest that we have greater success with our financial pledges (i.e. save more and spend less) than maintaining our diets and exercise programs.
Once you have set your resolutions, then comes the hard part, sticking to them. Standing in our way are the usual demons of procrastination, laziness, and the power of old habits. To overcome these barriers, behavioural scientists recommend forgetting what you learned in Economics 101.
Traditional economic theory assumes that we all want more freedom, flexibility, and optionality. But to boost your odds of resolution success, a useful strategy is to impose restrictions, constraints, and penalties upon yourself.
To combat procrastination, Professors Ariely and Wertenbroch of MIT offered their students the option to self-impose deadlines (with penalties) for their assignments rather than have the freedom to hand them in at any time before the end of the term. Contrary to economic theory, the majority (68%) of students took the restrictive first option (and produced higher-quality papers than their freer peers).
Following a similar approach, Green Bank, one of the largest retail banks in the Philippines introduced a ‘locked savings account.’ This account pays the same amount of interest as a normal savings account, but the funds can not be accessed until a certain date or balance has been reached. Surprisingly, 28% of customers chose the locked option over traditional accounts or no account at all. Unsurprisingly, these customers saved considerably more than their unlocked peers.
But sometimes, adopting new behaviours and regimes seems impossible or borderline painful.
For these instances, behavioural scientist Katy Milkman offers a strategy she calls ‘temptation bundling.’ It is akin to Mary Poppins’ principle of ‘a spoon full of sugar helps the medicine go down.’ Examples of bundling include, only listening to your favourite podcast while working out, or treating yourself to a special cheat meal during boring estate planning meetings or portfolio reviews (maybe even on your advisor’s dime).
While these tactics might make traditional economists grumble, so too should the very concept of a New Year resolution. After all, a perfectly rational person would not alter their behaviour just because the calendar flipped over. But the new year is often a time of reflection, and we can use the bigger picture to disrupt some of our old habits and patterns. It offers us a fresh start and a clean slate, with the opportunity to relegate failures and bad habits to the past. And if all else fails, you can always start anew next Monday.
The Month of December.
Credit.
With early jitters about Omicron subsiding, as evidence pointed to less severe disease outcomes, credit spreads attempted to stage a Santa Claus rally. Although US spreads narrowed substantially, our domestic market was held back by a higher-than-normal wave of issuance, with well over $7 bn worth of deals done.
The most exciting transaction was the $2 bn subordinated hybrid security from Rogers Communications. The note came with a 5% coupon and was the first hybrid in the telco/cable sector. Despite the large size of the deal, it was very well received.
Now that banks are free of temporary capital regulations and engaging in shareholder-friendly actions, senior bank spreads continued widening, as they return to more normal levels. While inflicting a little pain along the way, at current valuations they are becoming attractive.
Generic Investment-Grade Credit Spreads:
Canadian spreads were flat to finish 2021 at 111 bps
US spreads tightened 7 bps to end the year at 92 bps
Interest Rates.
Between inflation expectations, the Omicron variant, and reading the central bank tea leaves, markets adjusted their expectations for the timing and pace of rate hikes. Ultimately, yield curves flattened over the month.
Sovereign yields:
Canadian 2y finished at 0.95% (-3 bps) and the 10y at 1.42% (-16 bps)
US 2y finished at 0.73% (+19 bps) and the 10y at 1.52% (+10 bps)
The Funds.
Algonquin Debt Strategies Fund
Overall, the moves in credit spreads and minor losses on derivative hedges lead to a small loss for the month.
1M
3M
6M
YTD
1Y
3Y
5Y
SI
X Class
-0.04%
-0.22%
0.47%
2.99%
2.99%
5.77%
5.09%
9.12%
F Class
-0.07%
-0.33%
0.20%
2.32%
2.32%
4.94%
4.28%
NA
As of December 31st, 2021 The Algonquin Debt Strategies Fund LP was launched on February 2, 2015. Returns are shown on ‘Series 1 X Founder’s Class’ since inception and for ‘Series 1 F Class’ since May 1st, 2016, and are based on NAVs in Canadian dollars as calculated by SGGG Fund Services Inc. net of all fees and expenses. For periods greater than one year, returns are annualized.
Algonquin Fixed Income 2.0
On top of the yield earned through the month, the fund generated excess returns through yield curve flattening positions (i.e. short US 2y and long Canadian 10y).
1M
3M
6M
YTD
1Y
2020
F Class
0.65%
0.12%
0.81%
2.42%
2.42%
10.53%
As of December 31st, 2021 Algonquin Fixed Income 2.0 Fund is an Alternative Mutual Fund and was launched on December 9, 2019. Returns are shown for Class F since inception and are based on NAVs in Canadian dollars as calculated by SGGG Fund Services Inc., net of all fees and expenses. Investors should read the Simpli?ed Prospectus, Annual Information Form, and Fund Facts Documents and consult their registered investment dealer before making an investment decision. Commissions, trailing commissions, management fees, and operating expenses all may be associated with mutual fund investments. An Alternative Mutual Fund is not guaranteed, its value changes frequently and its past performance is not indicative of future performance and may not be repeated. Payment of quarterly distributions is not guaranteed and paid at the discretion of the manager; therefore, it may vary from period to period and does not infer fund performance or rate of return
Looking Ahead.
As many of you know, we do not like making predictions, especially about the future. Instead, we like to think about what the market is expecting and what events could force a recalibration. Fortunately, the sovereign yield curve and the plethora of associated derivative instruments provide a great deal of insight into the consensus view on interest rates.
First of all, despite expectations for good economic growth, the bond market expects the recent string of hot inflation numbers to slow and head back to 2% by the end of the year or early next year. Investors are expecting between three and four 25 bps hikes from the Bank of Canada and Federal Reserve in 2022. Perhaps, most importantly, the consensus is that overnight rates will peak in the range of 1.25% to 1.5%. Under this scenario, 10-year yields could drift upwards towards 2%, and the removal of stimulus would be a rather benign event.
Given this base case, we consider what economic variable(s) can change perception. Last year, we believed employment numbers were the most important. This year, we think it is all about the inflation data. We believe a terminal interest rate of 1.5% is predicated on inflation reaching close to 2% by the end of 2022. If CPI numbers drop quickly and threaten to go below 2%, then central banks could stop hiking earlier, allowing yields to drop towards 1%. While everything is possible, we think this outcome is a low probability event.
To have inflation drop, not only do supply chains have to improve, but more people need to join the labour market. At the moment, there appears to be a large number of people who are not looking for work, which is forcing employers to raise wages at a rapid pace as they battle competitors for talent. We think the odds are fairly high that at least one of these variables proves to be more problematic than anticipated, allowing CPI to remain more elevated than currently forecast.
If inflation proves to be stubborn, then the bond market will shift yields higher in anticipation of central banks moving rates higher (i.e. overnight to 2.5%) or at a faster pace. This is the scenario we are most worried about.
Under the base case scenario, long duration bond funds could eke out a small positive return, however, if inflation is problematic then these funds could experience painful losses.
An individual who, alone or together with a spouse, owns financial assets worth more than $1,000,000 before taxes but net of related liabilities or An individual, who alone or together with a spouse, has net assets of at least $5,000,000
An individual whose net income before taxes exceeded $200,000 in both of the last two years and who expects to maintain at least the same level of income this year or An individual whose net income before taxes, combined with that of a spouse, exceeded $300,000 in both of the last two years and who expects to maintain at least the same level of income this year
An individual who currently is, or once was, a registered adviser or dealer, other than a limited market dealer
Financial institutions
Governments and governmental agencies
Insurance companies
Pension funds
Registered charities
Certain mutual funds, pooled funds and managed accounts
Companies with net assets of at least $5,000,000
Persons or companies recognized by the OSC as an accredited investor
New Year. New You. | December 2021
New Year’s resolutions. Every year we make ‘em. Every year we break ‘em. At least that’s how it goes for most of us, with an estimated 80% of resolutions going unfulfilled.
Every January the diets begin, and the gyms fill up, only for our resolve to fade by month’s end. According to research by fitness app Strava, the day we are most likely to give up is January 19th, a date they have dubbed ‘quitter’s day’.
With such high failure rates, it makes you wonder why we even bother with this annual tradition.
But changing old habits can be extremely hard, and often requires multiple attempts before success is achieved. Thus, one could argue that a 20% success rate is very good.
Furthermore, one of the most daunting and difficult parts of personal change is getting started. And at the very least, the New Year resolution gives us an impetus to get in the game and on the path to change.
So, the question becomes, how can we put ourselves in the minority that succeeds in seeing their resolutions through?
The obvious starting point is to set achievable and realistic goals that are within your control. It can also be helpful to break these goals into bite-sized milestones and track your incremental progress along the way.
It is also worth considering the types of battles you pick to fight. Evidence would suggest that we have greater success with our financial pledges (i.e. save more and spend less) than maintaining our diets and exercise programs.
Once you have set your resolutions, then comes the hard part, sticking to them. Standing in our way are the usual demons of procrastination, laziness, and the power of old habits. To overcome these barriers, behavioural scientists recommend forgetting what you learned in Economics 101.
Traditional economic theory assumes that we all want more freedom, flexibility, and optionality. But to boost your odds of resolution success, a useful strategy is to impose restrictions, constraints, and penalties upon yourself.
To combat procrastination, Professors Ariely and Wertenbroch of MIT offered their students the option to self-impose deadlines (with penalties) for their assignments rather than have the freedom to hand them in at any time before the end of the term. Contrary to economic theory, the majority (68%) of students took the restrictive first option (and produced higher-quality papers than their freer peers).
Following a similar approach, Green Bank, one of the largest retail banks in the Philippines introduced a ‘locked savings account.’ This account pays the same amount of interest as a normal savings account, but the funds can not be accessed until a certain date or balance has been reached. Surprisingly, 28% of customers chose the locked option over traditional accounts or no account at all. Unsurprisingly, these customers saved considerably more than their unlocked peers.
But sometimes, adopting new behaviours and regimes seems impossible or borderline painful.
For these instances, behavioural scientist Katy Milkman offers a strategy she calls ‘temptation bundling.’ It is akin to Mary Poppins’ principle of ‘a spoon full of sugar helps the medicine go down.’ Examples of bundling include, only listening to your favourite podcast while working out, or treating yourself to a special cheat meal during boring estate planning meetings or portfolio reviews (maybe even on your advisor’s dime).
While these tactics might make traditional economists grumble, so too should the very concept of a New Year resolution. After all, a perfectly rational person would not alter their behaviour just because the calendar flipped over. But the new year is often a time of reflection, and we can use the bigger picture to disrupt some of our old habits and patterns. It offers us a fresh start and a clean slate, with the opportunity to relegate failures and bad habits to the past. And if all else fails, you can always start anew next Monday.
The Month of December.
Credit.
With early jitters about Omicron subsiding, as evidence pointed to less severe disease outcomes, credit spreads attempted to stage a Santa Claus rally. Although US spreads narrowed substantially, our domestic market was held back by a higher-than-normal wave of issuance, with well over $7 bn worth of deals done.
The most exciting transaction was the $2 bn subordinated hybrid security from Rogers Communications. The note came with a 5% coupon and was the first hybrid in the telco/cable sector. Despite the large size of the deal, it was very well received.
Now that banks are free of temporary capital regulations and engaging in shareholder-friendly actions, senior bank spreads continued widening, as they return to more normal levels. While inflicting a little pain along the way, at current valuations they are becoming attractive.
Generic Investment-Grade Credit Spreads:
Interest Rates.
Between inflation expectations, the Omicron variant, and reading the central bank tea leaves, markets adjusted their expectations for the timing and pace of rate hikes. Ultimately, yield curves flattened over the month.
Sovereign yields:
The Funds.
Algonquin Debt Strategies Fund
Overall, the moves in credit spreads and minor losses on derivative hedges lead to a small loss for the month.
As of December 31st, 2021
The Algonquin Debt Strategies Fund LP was launched on February 2, 2015. Returns are shown on ‘Series 1 X Founder’s Class’ since inception and for ‘Series 1 F Class’ since May 1st, 2016, and are based on NAVs in Canadian dollars as calculated by SGGG Fund Services Inc. net of all fees and expenses. For periods greater than one year, returns are annualized.
Algonquin Fixed Income 2.0
On top of the yield earned through the month, the fund generated excess returns through yield curve flattening positions (i.e. short US 2y and long Canadian 10y).
As of December 31st, 2021
Algonquin Fixed Income 2.0 Fund is an Alternative Mutual Fund and was launched on December 9, 2019. Returns are shown for Class F since inception and are based on NAVs in Canadian dollars as calculated by SGGG Fund Services Inc., net of all fees and expenses. Investors should read the Simpli?ed Prospectus, Annual Information Form, and Fund Facts Documents and consult their registered investment dealer before making an investment decision. Commissions, trailing commissions, management fees, and operating expenses all may be associated with mutual fund investments. An Alternative Mutual Fund is not guaranteed, its value changes frequently and its past performance is not indicative of future performance and may not be repeated. Payment of quarterly distributions is not guaranteed and paid at the discretion of the manager; therefore, it may vary from period to period and does not infer fund performance or rate of return
Looking Ahead.
As many of you know, we do not like making predictions, especially about the future. Instead, we like to think about what the market is expecting and what events could force a recalibration. Fortunately, the sovereign yield curve and the plethora of associated derivative instruments provide a great deal of insight into the consensus view on interest rates.
First of all, despite expectations for good economic growth, the bond market expects the recent string of hot inflation numbers to slow and head back to 2% by the end of the year or early next year. Investors are expecting between three and four 25 bps hikes from the Bank of Canada and Federal Reserve in 2022. Perhaps, most importantly, the consensus is that overnight rates will peak in the range of 1.25% to 1.5%. Under this scenario, 10-year yields could drift upwards towards 2%, and the removal of stimulus would be a rather benign event.
Given this base case, we consider what economic variable(s) can change perception. Last year, we believed employment numbers were the most important. This year, we think it is all about the inflation data. We believe a terminal interest rate of 1.5% is predicated on inflation reaching close to 2% by the end of 2022. If CPI numbers drop quickly and threaten to go below 2%, then central banks could stop hiking earlier, allowing yields to drop towards 1%. While everything is possible, we think this outcome is a low probability event.
To have inflation drop, not only do supply chains have to improve, but more people need to join the labour market. At the moment, there appears to be a large number of people who are not looking for work, which is forcing employers to raise wages at a rapid pace as they battle competitors for talent. We think the odds are fairly high that at least one of these variables proves to be more problematic than anticipated, allowing CPI to remain more elevated than currently forecast.
If inflation proves to be stubborn, then the bond market will shift yields higher in anticipation of central banks moving rates higher (i.e. overnight to 2.5%) or at a faster pace. This is the scenario we are most worried about.
Under the base case scenario, long duration bond funds could eke out a small positive return, however, if inflation is problematic then these funds could experience painful losses.
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